2 Samuel 18:24

Authorized King James Version

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And David sat between the two gates: and the watchman went up to the roof over the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone.

Original Language Analysis

וְדָוִ֥ד And David H1732
וְדָוִ֥ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 1 of 20
david, the youngest son of jesse
יוֹשֵׁ֖ב sat H3427
יוֹשֵׁ֖ב sat
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 2 of 20
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
בֵּין H996
בֵּין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 3 of 20
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
שְׁנֵ֣י between the two H8147
שְׁנֵ֣י between the two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 4 of 20
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ gates H8179
הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ gates
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 5 of 20
an opening, i.e., door or gate
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ H1980
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 6 of 20
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
הַצֹּפֶ֜ה and the watchman H6822
הַצֹּפֶ֜ה and the watchman
Strong's: H6822
Word #: 7 of 20
properly, to lean forward, i.e., to peer into the distance; by implication, to observe, await
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 8 of 20
near, with or among; often in general, to
גַּ֤ג to the roof H1406
גַּ֤ג to the roof
Strong's: H1406
Word #: 9 of 20
a roof; by analogy, the top of an altar
הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ gates H8179
הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ gates
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 10 of 20
an opening, i.e., door or gate
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 20
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה unto the wall H2346
הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה unto the wall
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 12 of 20
a wall of protection
וַיִּשָּׂ֤א and lifted up H5375
וַיִּשָּׂ֤א and lifted up
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 13 of 20
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 14 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֵינָיו֙ his eyes H5869
עֵינָיו֙ his eyes
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 15 of 20
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
וַיַּ֔רְא and looked H7200
וַיַּ֔רְא and looked
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 16 of 20
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
וְהִנֵּה H2009
וְהִנֵּה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 17 of 20
lo!
אִ֖ישׁ and behold a man H376
אִ֖ישׁ and behold a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 18 of 20
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
רָ֥ץ running H7323
רָ֥ץ running
Strong's: H7323
Word #: 19 of 20
to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)
לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ H905
לְבַדּֽוֹ׃
Strong's: H905
Word #: 20 of 20
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit

Analysis & Commentary

And David sat between the two gates: and the watchman went up to the roof over the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Death, emphasizing tragedy of rebellion. Absalom's death despite David's orders demonstrates the tragic consequences of rebellion against God's anointed. The graphic description of Absalom caught in oak branches suggests divine judgment. David's overwhelming grief ("O my son Absalom") reveals parental love even for rebellious children. Theological themes include the tragedy of rebellion, the reality that sin leads to death, parental love's persistence, and the danger of prioritizing family over kingdom responsibilities.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 18 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding tragedy of rebellion provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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